Post meta data is the « administrative » information you provide to viewers about each post. This information usually includes the author of the post, when it was written (or posted), and how the author categorized that post…. WP Codex explains how to hack Post Meta Data.
A navigation menu that dynamically highlights the currently displayed page: Dynamic Menu Highlighting
To display a different header image depending on if what is being display is Home or a Category or a Page (an answer to a Podz request on WP Forum. There is also a follow-on)